They are articulate distally with five metacarpal bones (one for each digit). The carpals are eight bones, organised into two rows, located within the wrist area. The bones of the hand include the carpals, metacarpals and phalanges. The ulna plays a stabilising role in the forearm. The radius pivots around the ulna to produce movement at the proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints. The forearm bones consist of the ulna (medially) and the radius (laterally). It articulates proximally with the scapula at the glenohumeral joint and distally with the bones of the forearm at the elbow joint. The humerus provides skeletal support for the arm. Anteriorly, the clavicle articulates with the sternum, thereby attaching the upper limb to the axial skeleton. The scapula is a triangular, flat bone, which serves as a site for attachment for numerous muscles. It is comprised of two bones – the clavicle and scapula. The most proximal region is the shoulder girdle. In contrast to the lower limb (which is involved in weight-bearing and locomotion), the main role of the upper limb is to control the position of the hand in space – enabling manipulation of objects in the environment. The bones of the upper limb can be divided into four main groups: the shoulder girdle, arm, forearm and hand.
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